loader image

The first plant considered in classification is wheat. In the classification, spike characteristics were taken into consideration first. Fishbone, awnlessness, hull color, grain color were the first criteria considered. Later, spike density played a role in the classification of wheat. Russian taxonomists have focused on ecotypes and biotypes to classify wheats. Classification of ecotypes and biotypes was based on morphological characters. As a result of advances in stology, the classification of wheat has begun to be made according to their chromosome numbers. As a result of chromosome numbers, the genome numbers and genome formulas of wheat were studied. Wheats are divided into three groups in classifications made according to chromosome numbers and genome formulas:

Diploid group (AA) = spa group Tetraploid group (AABB) = durum wheat group Hexaploid group (AABBDD) = common wheat group Each group also has wild forms, husked and bare culture forms.

As a result of the studies on the species and subspecies, all wheats in tetraploid and hexaploid groups were gathered under one type. Wheat, which was previously considered a type, has been put into variety groups.

Finally, according to their chromosome numbers, wheats were collected in two groups as diploid and alloploid. The most important of diploid wheats is Triticum monococcum. Among alloploid wheats, Triticum aestivum with 2n = chromosomes is the most important species.